Section 2 - The Nature of Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
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The Nature of Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes - Section 2 of Organic Chemistry Notes is 18 pages in length (page 2-1 through page 2-18) and covers ALL you'll need to know about the following lecture/book topics:
SECTION 2 – The Nature of Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
2-1 -- Classification of Functional Groups
· Alkanes
· Alkenes
· Alkynes
· Alcohols
· Ketones
· Esters
2-2 -- Hydrocarbons
· Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes)
· Aromatic Hydrocarbons (benzene)
2-2 -- Alkanes (Unbranched, Branched, and Cyclic Alkanes)
· Homologous Series
· Constitutional (“Structural”) Isomers
2-4 -- Types of Carbon Atoms
· Primary Carbons (1°)
· Secondary Carbons (2°)
· Tertiary Carbons (3°)
· Quaternary Carbons (4°)
2-5 -- Various Types of Alkyl Groups (Branches, or Substituents)
2-7 -- Systematic Nomenclature of Alkanes (IUPAC)
· Four Rules for Naming Alkanes (Rules 1-4)
· How to Find the Parent Hydrocarbon (“Parent Chain” or “Main Chain”)
· How to Number the Atoms in the Parent Chain
· How to Identify and Number the Branches (“Substituents”)
· How to Write the IUPAC Name of the Compound
2-11 -- Naming Complex Branches in Organic Compounds
2-12 -- Common Names (“non-IUPAC”) for Some Simple Alkyl Branches
2-13 -- Examples of Alkane Nomenclature
2-15 -- Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides (R-X)
2-15 -- Disubstituted Cycloalkanes
· Stereoisomerism
· Cis/Trans Isomers
2-16 -- Properties of Alkanes (5 Key Points)
· Nonpolar (“Hydrophobic”) Properties of Alkanes
· Boiling Point Trends
· The Effects of Branching
· Melting Point Trends
· Combustion of Alkanes (Calorimetry and Product Analysis)
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